The trick to finding the right mattress is to look for one that does at least the following:

1. Gently compresses when the weight and curvature of your body presses against it. While at the same time the mattress needs to push evenly (no pressure points) against every portion of your body that touches the mattress.  If your body has a bulge (hips, butt, shoulders, etc.), as the bulge presses against the mattress, the mattress needs to compress to make room for the bulge without pressing any harder on that bulge than it does on a non-bulge area.
2. Motion separation – The motion of one person on the bed should cause little or no movement of another person on the bed.
3. Temperature neutrality – The mattress surface should raise to your body temperature but not accumulate heat (sleep hot) or lose heat (sleep cold) throughout the sleep period.
4. Edge support – Sleeping near the edge of the bed should not make you feel you are falling off.
5. Ease of entry and exit – Is it easy to lay down on and to get off the mattress.

Here are a couple things to keep in mind about mattresses.

• Your body weight distributes over the area of mattress.  You might weigh several hundred pounds but an area the size of your handprint will need to support less than a pound or two.  If you want to test a mattress by pressing on it with your hand, press relatively lightly.  Pressing hard is not a realistic test
• To maintain proper alignment the mattress only needs to compress an inch or two (depending on your weight). Good alignment translates to a mattress on the firmer side of the scale.  The diagrams and posed pictures they use to demonstrate mattress compression exaggerates the amount of compression needed.  Look at the pictures of regular people laying on a mattress; they barely make a dent.  Sore necks, backs, legs, etc. are about proper alignment, which is about some but not too much compression around your bulges.
• A comfortable bed is about even support (lack of pressure points) and temperature neutrality. A good mattress does not have pressure points even when you shift positions.  If you need to sleep in an exact position to be comfortable (absent a medical condition), your mattress does not support you evenly.

Spoiler alert.  Foam mattresses have evolved and now meet the above requirements better than innerspring and air bladder mattresses do.

The nature of springs, stiffer when compressed, will always cause pressure points when you change positions.  They can mitigate the problem with all sorts of tricks but in the end, they have pressure points and foam mattresses do not.   Putting springs under the foam pads is a gimmick that actually reduces the life of the foam that you actually sleep on.  Air bladder mattresses have the selling point that partners of different sizes / preferences can have a different firmness.  Foam mattresses do not need a mechanical system to accommodate the preferences of two people on a bed.  Besides, readjusting ones position on an air bladder mattress changes the pressure in the bladder and causes pressure points but changing position on a foam mattress does not cause a pressure point.

Foam has the magic property of not getting firmer as you compress it (except, of course, if you compress it to the limit).  This same property means motion separation and edge support is inherent to a foam mattress.

Closed cell foam tends to sleep hot.  The air in the cells heats up from your body heat over time.  Open cell foam allows the air to flow through the foam.  Thus, open cell foam tends to be temperature neutral (not sleep hot or cold).  Open-cell foam tends to be too soft to provide proper body alignment.  Natural latex foam or an open-cell synthetic that mimics natural latex foam provides temperature neutrality and the latex is stiff enough to provide proper alignment.   Latex foam is firm enough to push down against when you try to get on or off the mattress.  In addition, it is springy enough to give your rear-end a little push as you stand up.

I sleep on a 100% natural latex foam mattress from Ikea.  My spouse and I like it a lot.  I do not hesitate to recommend a 100% latex mattress.  Having said that, there are other options, which can be less expensive and probably very close to as good.  Several manufacturers make a mattress with several layers of different foam, the top couple of inches, of which, is an open-cell foam.  By layering different foam densities these mattresses can get a slightly different feel.  I have read more reviews on these mattresses than I care to admit.  I have not tried any of them except the 100% natural Ikea mattress but they all seem to get similar high ratings.  Most of the reviews say whatever mattress they are reviewing is better than an innerspring and air bladder mattress. However, they also say the foam mattresses in this category all perform about equally.  They differentiate themselves instead by focusing on things like cost, warranties, customer service, return policies, and the like.

A foam mattress is mostly air.  Which means, they can vacuum pack a queen-sized mattress and put it in a box about the size of a mini-refrigerator.  Which means you can order them online and they can ship them to you via standard methods (UPS, FedEx, etc.)  We went to the Ikea showroom several times to try out the mattress options.  However, most foam mattresses are online purchases.  The manufacturers generally offer a free return policy should you not like it.   From what I understand, their return rates are generally less than 1%.   The return rate for showroom bought innerspring and air bladder mattresses is much higher than that.

A couple final points to consider.  A foam mattress is typically 8 to 10 inches thick.  Thicker does not equal better in the foam mattress world.  Foam mattresses lay on a firm surface, most often slats or a platform bed (right on the floor?).  So put away the step stool to get into bed.  However, think about new options when the mattress and box spring combination are not 2 feet thick.  One thing getting more popular is a platform bed with storage (drawers) under the platform. You get storage without increase the footprint in the room and the mattress will still be at a reasonable height.

Conclusion

Foam technology has evolved over the past several years.  An open-cell foam topped mattress or 100% latex mattress do what a good mattress is supposed to do, better than an innerspring or air bladder mattress.  These foam mattresses are another example of a technology change that changes the basic assumptions (paradigm).  A plain looking 10-inch foam mattress sleeps better than an 18 inch thick innerspring with an exotic looking pillow top.  A plain looking foam offers more support than two air bladder mattresses in the same frame and separates motion just as well.  There is a reason that so many are replacing their old fancy mattresses with new, simpler, more functional open-cell topped mattresses.

We donated our old mattress to Bridging.  They put it to good use.

Appendix

Some of the more popular mattresses in this class

Casper

Tuft & Needle

Leesa

Ikea

Reviewers

Sleepopolis

Sleep like the dead

Sleep Sherpa

Mattress Inquirer

Reviews.com

Best mattress for back pain – Choose Mattress

Best mattress for back pain – Sleep junkie

Spine health

 

The symptom is the candidate widely known to be incompetent won the election.  Why 63 million people voted the way they did is to identify the disease.  Curing the disease is a whole other thing.

Who voted for the Incompetent?

• Rural areas and many in the third ring suburbs.
• Urban older blue-collar white males
• Voting against Clinton and by extension Obama.
• Traditional republican voters voting for the party not the person

Why did they vote the way they did? 

In my opinion:

• Rural areas and urban blue-collar whites felt (feel) left behind so someone promising to change things back to the way they were was appealing.
• Voting against Clinton is the result of 20+ years of propaganda against them and 8 years of propaganda against Obama.
• Traditional republican voters felt they were going to lose the election anyway so the benefits of supporting their party was worth the slight risk of voting for an incompetent leader

What is the cure?

As a lifelong Democrat, I can appreciate voting for a party rather than a candidate.  I hope that my party would not put me in the position the Republican Party put its members in by nominating an incompetent candidate with no relevant experience.

Using propaganda techniques against the Clintons and Obama built many careers.  At the center of almost all of the techniques is spreading a lie, “fake news”.  The real purpose of most fake news is to drive traffic to a TV station or website to generate ad revenue.  Eye-catching headlines and outrageous content get views and thus revenue.  The unfortunate side effect is that people (our current President) start to believe the fake news.  Even if they do not believe the news itself, they end up having a negative feeling about the subject of the news.

In today’s world it is easy to fact check almost anything.  Google and Bing are only a click away.  The way to stop the fake news is to not view it in the first place and certainly do not share it.  Let it die from inattention.  Spreading fake news is to be a liar.  There is no excuse for not knowing if it is fake.  Do not be the liar by spreading fake news.  When you see fake news, maybe spreading the truth would be a good idea.  For example, I once posted that it was ridiculous to criticize Obama for the Baptist church he attended and in the same story criticize him for being a Muslim.  In my opinion, spreading such a story would make you a liar.

Which leaves us with millions of rural folks and urban white males feeling left behind.  The cause is easy to describe; the cure is debatable.  Virtually all jobs and most social interactions are now technology based.  This is the information age and many of us are in the thick of it.  Rural America and older blue-collar workers have fallen behind.  They face many issues: Training, support, economics of access in low population density areas, willingness to change, financing, social pressure, etc.  The fancy word for this is social exclusion.

I do not know the cure.  Certainly getting broadband to all corners is a start.  Providing training and support while they transition is important.  Helping erase the stigma of learning to do things a new way rather than sticking with the old methods.  Does it make sense to encourage starting small technology based businesses in small towns with some sort of incentives?  Somehow, the 50-year-old factory worker needs to face challenges and barriers to learning the new technical skills needed for available jobs.  Somehow broadband and training needs to get to rural America.  I have no real idea how to encourage businesses to grow in a small town.

Conclusion

The current president is incompetent.  We need to continue the hard work of preventing him from doing irreparable harm to our nation.  However, we need to remember that he was the symptom not the disease.  Putting the train back on the tracks means reducing fake news (encouraging the truth) and addressing the need for rural America and older blue-collar workers to transition to the information age.

 

We said our elected officials are out of touch, we need change.  Our choice took office.  The first month has not been pretty although it has solidified his opposition.  His trustworthiness seems lost.  How we move forward is probably less about him and more about us.    We are a connected world.  Almost everyone has a voice and has the tools needed to make their voice heard.  Rather than assume we know what “they” want, ask.  Rather than assume they know what we want, we should tell them.

When a new or different way of thinking or doing replaces the old way, it is a paradigm shift.  The combination of devices, connectivity and easy to use applications created a new connected paradigm.  Very recently that paradigm became pervasive (used by the vast majority).   Having lived through numerous technology related paradigm shifts, I have learned that adapting to a new paradigm can be scary and can leave a scar.  Yet, the reality of the new paradigm unfolds like it or not.  Refusing to participate is not a real option.  Connected with others is wonderful.  I personally have more and better relationships than I would have without the connected paradigm.

However, when you ask what people think about this or that, they just might tell you.  People are rarely just this or that.  They are all sorts of in between.  I asked what they thought and they responded.  Most often I discovery that “they” are not a punch line or a caricature.  We like many of the same things and disagree on some.  Sometimes they do not care one way or the other about something for which you care deeply.  They and I are we, and it turns out that we are human and complicated.  We hold contradictory views.  They like both opera and punk rock but I prefer 60’s bubblegum music.  They fear what I do not, and vice versa.

I have spent my adult lifetime witnessing the series of information age paradigm shifts.  All have been tough.  People quit rather than learn the dreaded WordPerfect.  Bosses were going to ban the use of e-mails because it seemed the only real purpose of email was to convey jokes between co-workers.  A county board member wanted to ban the internet for every resident in the county because someone had looked up the value of his house on a web app I helped develop.  One of my staff seriously asked, “If I am asked about my family, will I be fired for having a personal conversation on a company cell phone?”

So now, we need to work our way through this connected society paradigm shift.  When you only saw your uncle, twice a year (my actual uncles are long dead), it was easy to ignore some of his beliefs.  Now he is your Facebook friend and you frequently interact with him.  Ignoring him is more difficult because he liked your joke, wished you well on your new job, and shared a tidbit about your grandma that put a tear of happiness in your eye.  However, he also opposes that which you endorse.  He likes some things you dislike.  Besides, he is wrong about an issue that you understand.

• Do you keep him as a friend, taking the good with the bad?
• Do you un-friend him?
• Do you point out every point of disagreement?
• Do you hide what you believe from him?
• Do you ask him to post only of the things you agree with him about?
• Alternatively, do you accept that he is a complicated person and so are you?

Adapting to new paradigms really is tough.  Feelings will be hurt.  Relationships will strain.  People will say something and later regret it.  The socially acceptable answers work themselves out over time but in the meantime, we will say some stupid things.  We need to make sharing ok and safe.  We are not only learning proper etiquette but also trying to figure out what we believe about issues and life.  If some friend changes position, that is not a bad thing even if they change it back again.  It is recognizing that life is complicated.

If someone tells you something, be thankful.  Respond about the thing, as appropriate, but (up to a limit) support the person.

Conclusion

In my experience, adapting to the paradigm shift itself is not the main problem people have.  It is their fear that the paradigm shift will change their social, personal, professional relationships.  I could never convince the secretary that Word Perfect was both learnable and that while she learned, we would all still think she was a valuable member of the team.  The funny thing about this “connected” paradigm shift is that it is exactly about enhancing relationships.  Relationships are great but rarely easy.

My advice.  Do not expect that everyone agrees with you or that you will agree with everyone else.  Let yourself participate in the discussion.  Do not focus only on what you disagree with.  Finding common ground is actually more fun.   Not every post needs to be deep or profound.  If it is nice outside, it is perfectly ok to say so.  Do not tell secrets.  There are no secrets on the internet.

Apologize often.  Accept apologizes graciously.  If you are worried about hurting someone’s feelings, do not post it.  Be honest but not brutal.  Your relationship is more important than an obscure point in a debate on Facebook.  Let cooler heads prevail if it feels like thinks are heating up.  Celebrate truth.  Let most lies die from inattention.  Questions often make a stronger statement than a statement does.  Be helpful.  Explain if you are misunderstood.  Stand corrected if you were wrong.

Is the raging debate on social media our big, wonderful, messy democracy at work?  I think there is hope.  Let us all hang in there.  Nuance is finding its way in.

Yes, I actually do think the raging debate on social media is our big, wonderful, messy democracy at work.   I think the debates on basic issues are starting to have some nuance to them.  The nuance entering the debate is the presence of real facts and honest analysis.  Almost all of the news outlets (responsible or otherwise) in the world have started posting their content on social media.  Social media still has conspiracy theories but next to them are articles from the local TV station or AP with some facts and perspective.  The facts have this way of moderating everyone’s positions on almost every topic.

Terrorist attacks are terrible.  The news outlets remind us that most hate crimes are committed against people of color or sexual orientation or people of certain religions.  They remind us that inner cities are not actually like war zones.  In fact, many well to do retirees are moving into condominiums and apartments “downtown”.   They remind us that contrary to narrative of the innocence of the good days, crime rates are actually way down since our youth.  They remind us that people of faith support religious freedom, even for people of different faiths.

Anytime we read something contrary to our personal opinions, it is in human nature to be defensive.  It feels negative and it might even feel like a personal attack.  In the short run, we might stiffen our resolve and state our case even stronger, but the facts plant the seeds from which new understanding grows.  Just maybe we will take the time to realize that the conspiracy theory you knew to be a fact, was not.  Furthermore, just maybe, we will realize the base issues are most often complex with a whole range of pluses and minuses.  It takes honest discussion, with real facts, over a period of time to work through to a good policy.

Here is an example.  The conspiracy theory that U.S. immigration policy threatens Christianity and our way of life.  There are about twice as many Christians in Africa than in the U.S.  There are about twice as many Christians in Latin America than in the U.S.  There are more Christians in Asia than there are in the US.  To think the U.S. is the home of Christianity is to forget the Pope is from Argentina.  To think a poor family of seven in small apartment 100 miles from your house represents a threat to your religion and way of life seems like a stretch.  In fact, if we want that family to like us maybe we should be nice to them.  Immigration policy is complex and nuanced.  It matters in all sorts of ways the casual observer might not know.  So sure, have an opinion but keep an open mind.  It is a much-nuanced sort of thing.

I am not trying to debate social policy in this post.   The point is only that real information entering social media discussions helps clarify our perspectives.  The fact that real information is trickling into to the online discussions is a very good thing.  Those annoying facts may be boring but they actually do have this way of bringing us together rather than ripping us apart.

 

 

 

Encouraging people to train for technology based jobs (existing and new) makes more sense than focusing on creating more manual labor jobs. However, Tony’s tale from my past reminds me there is nuance in what people do for a living.

It was 1979 or 1980; I was 27 – 28 years old and a couple months into my first job as an Industrial Relations Manager (Human Resources Manager).  Tony was a drill press operator in the shop who had reached what was then the mandatory retirement age of 65.  What was remarkable was that Tony had worked 44 years in the same shop at the exact same machine.  He and the drill press started on at the same time and both he and the machine were going to be retired together.  The drill press was old and nobody but Tony could create quality work using it.

 

(My office was in the building center left.  Tony worked in the low building across the street and railway tracks behind the closest water tower)

The records showed in 44 years, he had only been sick a couple times and he had worked at that same drill press before and after his stint in the Army for World War II.

The local press was there and we stopped production so all 150 or so of the crew could be at the celebration.  I was happy to say a couple nice words about his length of service and that we really did confirm he had worked at the same machine all that time.   Tony interrupted me saying he had worked a couple weeks at another drill press while they replaced the bearings in his drill press.  It was nice.

I was all smiles on the outside but inside I just could only imagine it must have been torture working 44 years on the same drill press.  I would have gone insane.  In my head, a life well led means facing new challenges, learning new things. I could not imagine being chained to the same machine for 44 years.

Tony’s younger brother Jerry also worked at the shop.   A couple months after Tony’s retirement I asked him how Tony was doing.  “Not great” was the reply.  He explained that Tony missed working at the shop.  The look on my face betrayed me and so Jerry explained.   World War II was very tough on Tony.  That drill press provided him a paycheck to support his family.  However, more than that, it kept him busy enough to keep the demons from the war out of his head.   He just could not handle change very well.  That drill press saved his sanity.

Here is my lesson learned.   I believe encouraging others to learn what they need to get the new technology based jobs is a good thing.  Especially for an aging workforce, running the machines that do the manual labor repetitive jobs seems better than doing the repetitive jobs with manual labor. However, we should not forget the lesson of Tony.  We are not all the same; some people are, in fact, best suited for manual repetitive work.

Belonging is a two way street.  There must be mutual acceptance; you must accept the group and the group must accept you.   We all belong to groups of some sort or another.  Groups like, families, friends, co-workers, religion, political party, knitting clubs, disease associations, professional associations, team supporter, and on and on goes the list.  The desire to belong is in the nature of being human.  It is important to be part of something bigger than we are.  Acceptance into a group is great but rejection can be devastating.

As we progress in life, learning new things, meeting new people, having different interests, we can outgrow a group.  That is the way of life.  Changing jobs is an excellent example.  The good news is as you move on through life, there are other groups who share your new interests.

The problem is you may feel you need to keep your interests and knowledge a secret because you do not want to lose your acceptance by the group.  Maybe a worse problem is choosing not to grow new interests or learn new things due to fear of losing acceptance by the group.  Which leads to the topic of this post.  The importance of both personal development and belonging in a new group.  So here we go, the topic for this post is; you are who you are until you are not, then what?

At the end of this paragraph, I am going to ask you to learn something new.  The wonderful thing about living in a connected world is that information on most any topic is readily available.  If you want to know something, looking it up is an easy thing to do.  So think of a topic you want to know more about.  Pick something you do not know a lot about already.  Search for your topic in Wikipedia.  There are over 5 million articles in the English version of Wikipedia so chances of finding your topic is good.  If you do not want to pick a topic, look at the fifth link in the left-hand column in Wikipedia and click “Random article”.  Once you found an article, take a few minutes and read all or a part.  Then please come back to this post.

Assuming you are back having read about some topic, you have just engaged in a personal development activity.  You have new information or came to a new understanding of information you already knew.  You could also look something up in a search engine like Google or Bing.  (Yes I did look up search engines in Wikipedia to see which two were the most popular.)  You can search for the definition of words you did not understand.  You can see videos, pictures and charts.

Just about any information you could want is online.  There are many places online to get information and a lot of information to get.  You can take online courses; you can join discussions on about any topic you can imagine.  The information is available to you and many different formats at any time you want it.  Virtually anyone who is online, anywhere in the world, also has access to the information.  Rich or poor, educated at a fancy university or self-taught, rural, urban, of any religion, of any gender, you get the idea.  Access to information is no longer an excuse for not engaging in personal development.

I am about to teach you a secret about looking stuff up that really is not much of a secret, but can be life changing.

1. When you look something up, find more than one source of information. Get more than one perspective on the topic.  Polar bears can be cute in a kid’s book, but another source will point out that they also will eat their young if they are hungry enough.  My personal rule of thumb is three sources to understand and 5 – 10 sources if I want to understand the topic enough to stand up in a meeting to talk about it.
2. Look up related topics to the topic that are not the topic. Sure, read about online marketing for the job you hope to get one day.  Also, read about Guerrilla marketing or word of mouth marketing.  Compare and contrast.  What works best for which situation?  Get perspective on what you want to know about.

Knowing how to interview might help you get the new job, but having knowledge and perspective on what you need to know to do the new job will help more.  Personal development is not just about getting a new job.  It is about having an informed opinion rather than just repeating someone else’s talking points.  It is about knowing how to cook from raw ingredients rather than a box.  It is about being a more interesting person.

However, it is time to get to the point.  Most groups are groups because the members share similar points of view.  Getting perspective on a topic can change your point of view.  It is possible that if the group learns that you no longer are at their level of understanding, they will reject you.   However, it is more likely that you will seek out other groups that share your new perspective.  Fortunately, it is now relatively easy to go online to discover likeminded people.

It is very hard to convince someone to change his or her mind.  Every year, advertisers, political parties, interest groups, and others spend billions to change our opinions.  It is possible but it is very hard.  Most of us are not robots and thus often not swayed by the facts.  In addition, our defense mechanisms make it hard for us to be convinced to change our minds even on an emotional level.

On the other hand, it is relatively easy for us to change our own minds.  Go ahead and change your mind.  See, you can do it anytime you want to.  That is the power of personal development; you can change or not change your perspective on lots of issues but you are doing it based on your personal choice.  Most of us read the reviews of several related products when purchasing something online.  We are gaining perspective. We are open to changing your mind on which product to purchase.  To the best of our ability, we make an informed choice.

It is your life and you have access to the information needed to understand what needs understanding.  Make the effort to understand before you make up your mind.  Read multiple sources of information.  Gain perspective by reading about related topics.  Of course, your feelings matter, do not pretend they do not.  So go look stuff up.  Learn new things. Re-enforce what you already know with more information.  Join a new group.  Share your thoughts.  Let others share their thoughts with you.

 Conclusion

The world we live in is changing.  The type of work we do has changed.  How we communicate with each other has changed.  There is no doubt that things will continue to change.  You are who you are.  It is a good thing you are because who else are you going to be.

If you make the effort to learn new things and get new perspective, (personal development) you are still you.  Maybe a better you.  You do not have the excuse that the information is not available.  It is available.  You do have a choice:  You can try to understand and get perspective or you can pretend that you do not care or do not have the ability to or that you can trust others to make choices for you.  I encourage you to choose personal development.  Let the chips fall where they may as to what group you end up in.

The bottom line is that you are you, even if the new you, is a bit different from the old you.  We are we, all of us.

 

Appendix

Here are some links I came up with using Google search in 10 minutes.  There are millions of sites, but you have interests so use the search engines and look up a couple of those.   It is not a contest or a challenge; it is about what you want to know about.   Do not let them tell you what to think or for what you care.  You decide for yourself but after you look up the information and are in a position to make an informed decision.

Topics in the News

America’s founding documents

Health Care Systems    Canadian healthcare system

Immigration  Emigration  Migration

Poverty

Donald Trump

Cybercrime  Cyberwarfare  hacktivism

Fascism  alt-right

Women’s health

Income distribution

midlife crisis

 

Things to be interested in

List of Hobbies

List of charities and nonprofits

Religion  History of religions

Wonders of the World

Famous works of art

50 greatest guitar solos

 

 

For many, faith = religion.  This post is about what is faith, not about what we have faith in.  Similarly, it is not about what we hope for but rather, what is hope?  This post is not about religion.

About 50,000 years ago, after 150.000 years of development, humans figured out abstract thinking.  Per dictionary.com the definition of Abstract thinking =

Thinking characterized by the ability to use concepts and to make and understand generalizations, such as of the properties or pattern shared by a variety of specific items or events.

Humans perceive reality abstractly.  That tree exists in reality but when the thought of that tree registers in your brain, the tree gets categorized in a generalized concept called, trees.  Since we know things about the concept we have of trees, we can apply that knowledge by assuming that it applies to this tree.  We are abstract thinkers.  Almost everything we perceive gets generalized as an abstraction in our brain.

We have these abstract thoughts about tangible things like trees but also less tangible things like feelings, events in the past or future that we did not attend, things we imagine and the like.  We think about lots of stuff and we come up with these concepts in our heads about the stuff we think about.   Not every thought (concept) reflects reality.  The tree might really be a bush.  As abstract thinkers, we have the ability to have an opinion on whether our thoughts are true (reflect reality) or false (not reflect reality) or somewhere in between.  We maintain a sort of confidence scale about a concept in our heads.  In practice we say words about our concepts like: believe, doubt, kind of, wrong, right, true, bad and the like.

So let me get to the point.

Per Dictionary.com: “faith” = “belief that is not based on proof”.  Note faith has several definitions but “belief that is not based on proof” is the one used in this post.

Said another way, faith is believing a concept is true even though you do not have sufficient evidence to be confident it is true.  Faith is believing even in the face of contrary evidence.

If you believe a concept = true and you have lots of evidence that it is true, then that is not faith.  But if I buy a lottery ticket because I truly believe I will win, even though the odds are astronomical against it, that is faith.  Faith is exactly believing a thought you have characterizes reality even though there is no real proof / evidence / reason to believe it does.

Our life experience, growing up if you will, is all about gathering new abstract thoughts, gathering evidence (learning) validating or invalidating abstract thoughts deciding what is true for us and what is not.   Faith is a label for believing without adequate proof to justify believing.  Faith can be in little things or big things or in-between things.  We believe lots of what we believe without lots of evidence to support that belief.  Here is the deal, just because you don’t have evidence that an idea is true, does not make it false.  If you believe it is true without enough evidence for you to have high confidence that it is true, then that is an act of faith.  We all have lots of faith in lots of concepts we have in our thoughtful little heads.

Hope is related to faith but not the same thing.  Faith is believing a thought is true without evidence.  Hope implies optimism not absolute belief.  Hope is wishing that a particular idea turns out to be true or wishing it was true even though we know it is not true.  Hope is accepting the odds are stacked against me but still buying the lottery ticket just in case I win.  I don’t except to win but I have hope.

 

There are three basic components to hope and faith.

1. The concept / thought / idea in your head. The mental category representing reality.
2. Evidence or lack of evidence relating to whether the concept is based in reality.
3. Your personal confidence level (belief) that the concept is based in reality. I believe.  I am pretty sure.  I doubt it.  I think it is not.

Here is an example.  Pick any concept.  What evidence do you know about that concept?  Do you personally belief the concept represents reality.

• Concept = people can be mean
• Evidence = the news cast last night and remembering that bully when you were in junior high school.
• Belief = yes I believe the concept of people can be mean represents reality

Note that in reality, people are many things including both mean and nice.  Reality tends to be more complicated (less certain) than our abstraction about reality tends to be.  It is easy to think two people believe (have faith in) exactly the same thing but reality tends to be more complex than that.  The thing about hope and faith is that they are about what you believe without proof and what you wish were true.  They are inherently personal.  They are about what you believe and what you wish.  You have the choice.  In a very basic sense the abstract thought choices you make about the reality you live in are the essence of what it is to be you.

Virtually every (probably not all, of course, but it seems that way) self-help book ever written are really about aspects of concept / evidence / belief process that is our abstract thoughts.  If you read a self-help book or many of them, ask yourself these questions:

1. Does the book suggest you change the concept? If you are not happy some of the books suggest you could change the definition of happy.
2. Does the book suggest you gather more evidence about the reality of the concept?  Put your toe in the water, look at others who are swimming, don’t just assume the water is too hot or too cold to swim in.   Talk to people who have swam before.  Get an instructor.
3. Does the book suggest you could have a different confidence level about the concept? You don’t have to change anything or gather more information other than to decide to be happy.  Power of positive thinking.

Most times we don’t give our concepts much thought.  Rather than go though some mental analysis, we default to the last belief we had about that concept.  The tree I saw probably fits into the concept I have of tree in my head, so I don’t give it any more thought than that.  Think about any advertising campaign you have ever been exposed to.  The whole idea of advertising is to get you to have a certain concept about their product.  Give you some evidence about the reality of that concept.  Then either reinforce your belief or change your mind about your belief.  That and maybe to take action based on that belief but that is a different post.

The truth is religions, advertising campaigns, political movements, social groups, neighbors, co-workers, and life in general are about our abstract thoughts (concepts), our experiences (evidence) as they relate to those concepts and whether or not we belief the concept represents reality.  We get all sorts of influences in all sorts of ways trying to take advantage of our method of thinking in abstractions.  But at the bottom of most of them is three factors used in different combinations.  Get a thought in your head.  Give you evidence that it represents reality or does not, depending on the case.  Finally convincing you to believe that the thought represents reality.

The key is to remember that we have to power to make up our own minds.  We also have the power to change our minds.  Changing your mind means adjusting the concept or gathering more evidence about the truth of the concept or just choosing to believe or not to believe in a concept.

You and I get to choose what we have faith in and what we hope for.  The world is full of examples as to why it matters what you have faith in and what you hope for.  Ask any coach of virtually any team.  Ask any leader.  Ask anyone else.  Ask yourself.  What you believe and hope matters.

We have all made mistakes and believed in concepts that turned out to be false.  The earth is round and not flat.  Throwing a virgin into the volcano will not actually stop the eruption.  But we have also have benefited from faith and hope.  Having faith and hope has saved countless addicts.  Having faith and hope has been at the center of most of our successes.  It does matter what you believe to be true and what you hope for.  It matters.

But here is something to think about.  Person A has faith in X.  Person B has faith in Y.  By definition, neither the faith of person A or the faith of person B have much evidence to back them up.  That is what faith means, believing without proof.  We don’t know much about Person A or Person B, but we do know they believe some concept is based in reality without much proof.  They both have faith.  They are both in the same boat: they believe a concept without proof.  Which concept of reality represents reality.  Who knows.  Maybe both, maybe parts of both, maybe neither.  We don’t have evidence so we don’t know.

What we do know is the behavior of person A or person B.  Why they act like they do might, or might not be, because of their faith.  But we can know their behavior because their behavior is not abstract.  Unlike their abstract thoughts, what they do, how they behave, is real without question.

If they are kind, it is kindness whether or not they were kind in the name of faith or hope.  Being kind is kindness whether you have faith in X or faith in Y or in neither.  Hate is being hateful whether or not you do it in the name of faith or hope.  Love is loving whether or not you do it in the name of faith or hope.  The same thing applies to all of our behaviors such as: crime, tenderness, patience, helping, hurting, the list of behaviors goes on and on.   Your actions are real and have consequences whether or not they are done in the name of faith or hope.

You get to choose what you believe.  You get to choose how you react.   You choose what kind of person you are.  Your choices are very powerful and have consequences.   If your choices are not turning out to be what you had faith in and hoped for, remember you are allowed to change your mind.  You are allowed to change your concept, or search out new evidence or just believe differently.  Also remember others are allowed to do the same thing.

We live in reality and our actions are real, but we think in abstractions.  Reality is what it is.  Our abstract world is not real, just sort of.  We have faith and we have hope.  Maybe someday our faith will be rewarded.   Maybe someday our wishes become real.  But in the meantime, faith is believing without proof.  Hope is being optimistic that a wish can come true.  But whose faith and hope is right and whose faith and hope is wrong.  Maybe time will tell.  Maybe we will never know.    But as far as faith and hope goes, we are all in the same boat.  But we know our actions are real.  Until the final judgement on which of our abstract thoughts represents reality is rendered, most people of virtually all faiths seem to agree, living by the golden rule is a good strategy.

There are several versions of the golden rule.  Here are some:

• do unto others as they would do unto you
• One should treat others as one would like others to treat oneself
• What you wish upon others, you wish upon yourself
• you should forgive and overlook
• One should never do that to another which one regards as injurious to one’s own self
• That which you want for yourself, seek for mankind
• That which is hateful to you, do not do to your fellow.
• Avoid doing what you would blame others for doing.

Conclusion

We are all abstract thinkers.  Our view of the world is based on how we perceive the world.   No matter how you perceive the reality of the world you have choices.  You decide what the concept is.  You decide what evidence you will see about that concept.  You decide if you are going to believe in some concept without proof.  You decide what you hope for.

What you believe can change your life because it can change how you interact with reality.  But never forget, how you actually behave is your reality.  Be nice and you are nice.  Be mean and you are mean.  Be happy and you are happy.  Hate and you are hateful.  Try to understand and you will be understanding.

 

 

St Paul MN is not in the Arctic, it just feels like it is. So just how far north are we?

According to Google Earth, my house in St Paul, MN is at 44.981692 degrees’ latitude. Which means it is about 0.9 miles south of half way (45 degrees) between the equator and the north pole. As a practical matter we are at 45 degrees latitude.

The latitude tells you how far north or south you are.

• Equator = 0 (Zero) degrees’
• North pole = 90 degrees’ latitude.

Each degree of latitude = ~69 miles (60 nautical miles)

How far north is St Paul, MN relative to other cities?

• Moscow Russia = 55 degrees = 690 miles north
• London England = 51 Degrees = 415 miles north
• Paris France = 48 degrees = 205 miles north
• Seattle Washington = 47 degrees = 140 miles north
• Budapest Hungary = 47 degrees = 140 miles north
• Rome, Italy = 41 degrees = 275 miles south
• New York City = 40 degrees’ latitude = 350 miles south

To state the obvious, the earth is a sphere which spins counterclockwise (west to east) on the axis between the north and south poles. Both poles (high latitudes) are very cold and pretty much frozen year round. Whereas areas relatively close to the equator (low latitudes) are warmer and almost never freeze. Also affecting the temperatures is proximity to the oceans and their currents. Whether we live east or west side of a mountains makes a difference in the weather we experience.

Maybe not so obvious is that the mid latitudes have a freeze thaw cycle. A freeze thaw cycle increases the weathering (erosion) of rocks and boulders. A freeze thaw cycle also limits the spread of some diseases that are carried by various insects, fungus and bacteria because they cannot tolerate the freeze condition. In fact, life expectancies are longer in areas with a freeze thaw cycle.

Another maybe not so obvious thing is in areas where it freezes, human civilizations require some infrastructure. Tough to survive longer than a couple days of freezing weather without shelter with a heat source. A house in Minnesota that is not sealed against the elements is dangerous where in a warmer location the same house would just be annoying.

So let me get to the point. Humans all over the world adapt to where we live. Where we live changes what it takes to adapt. People who live in different places require different infrastructure. People who live in different places have different local customs often because they live in a different place.

Let us say the kids are driving you crazy and you need them to not. Send them out to play is the time honored solution around the world. In a warm climate, send a kid out in the back yard is a good way to get them out of your hair. If it is freezing outside for weeks on end, other solutions to getting your kids out of your hair are necessary. Living in St Paul Minnesota is different than living in Florida or central Africa or Paris France or Brazil or wherever. But different does not mean better or worse. What is common sense in one place is crazy in another place.

It is easy to make judgements about people in other places but unless you are there and understand the environment there, be careful how you judge. I can tell you from experience that if you want to not care about the weather, ever, St Paul is not your place. The weather matters in St Paul. Life here embraces the weather. It is a great place to live.

Conclusion
St Paul is half way from here to there. It is cold but there are some advantages with that. But we need to be careful about our attitudes about where people live. We need to remember many of the differences we see between people from different places are because there is in fact a difference in the climate. Just saying.

 

By all sorts of measures, we live in an amazing time of prosperity and health. Life expectancy has doubled in the past century. The number of people living below the poverty level was been cut in half since 1990 and continues to fall. Crime rates are generally down worldwide. Over 40% of the people on earth has an internet connection today, up from 1% 15 years ago. It truly is an amazing time to be alive.

Yet, on social media, negative and often false commentary is everywhere and gets repeated over and over again. For many people, the constant drone of the negative comments, affects them to the point where they have developed a sort of general, non-specific fear. They can’t specifically tell you what exactly they are afraid of other than with words like, them, technology, the government, un-named terrorists, and the like.

In the circumstance of an immediate, real danger, fear can save your life. But if the danger is not immediate or the danger is not real, you could start/continue living a life of fear and that is not a good thing. The question this post is looking at is if “the only thing we have to fear is…fear itself”
The actual quote is from the opening line of the short speech Franklin D. Roosevelt gave at his first inauguration in 1933:

“So, first of all, let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is…fear itself — nameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance.”

We were three years into the Great depression when Roosevelt was elected in 1932 and the end was not in site. Roosevelt got elected in a landslide on a message that fear was preventing action from being taken to get the economy going. Roosevelt’s New Deal, instituted unprecedented programs for relief, recovery and reform which led to years of economic growth.

Fear is a feeling caused by a perceived threat. When you feel fear, your brain is designed to do one of three things:

1. Confront the threat
2. Escape from / avoid the threat
3. In extreme cases freeze (paralysis)

If a threat is immediate and real, fear causes you to react quickly to save your life. Hey, there is a big hungry looking bear right over there: I have fear. My brain is wired to tell me to quickly choose one of these three choices,

• Run away
• Try to scare the bear away
• Freeze in place and hope the bear does not see you.

In real life it is pretty rare for us to be in a situation where a split second decision between fight, flight or freeze makes sense.

In real life, we almost always have time to make rational choices from several available options. Yes, there is a big hungry bear within 20 feet but you are in a Zoo. You are safe so no need for a reaction based on fear. Even in cases where there is real danger, if you have more than a couple seconds time, you can choose a course of action which mitigates the danger rather than limiting your options to fear’s, fight/flight/freeze. That swing looks scary. Take a second to think about it. If you hold on tight, you will be fine and have fun in the bargain.

There are lots social media posts which are specifically designed to make you afraid. They want you to take immediate action and inducing fear is a way to get you to do that. After all, taking immediate action when you are in danger is the purpose of feeling fear. The trick for dealing with this attempt to make you feel fear is not to fall for the trick. You have time to consider your options, you don’t need to make a split second decision. Fear is an available option but you choose a different option.

Here are some reactions you might consider rather than fear.

1. You glance at a post; it does not interest you so you ignore it. Don’t get emotionally invested in it. Just go to the next post.
2. If you know or suspect that a post is false (a lie), don’t spread it around. It is bad form to spread shit around and makes you a bad neighbor. Let it die from lack of interest.
3. You read the post and wonder if it is true or not. Check it out. Like any good researcher, start with the assumption it is false. Recognize that if you question if it is true, it probably is not true. Trust yourself. But if you care enough to check it out. Google it. Look it up in Wikipedia. Does it say it is a hoax? Check other places. Does it make sense. Make a rational choice to accept it or reject it.
4. You might discover that it is true, but then ask yourself, even if it is true, does it matter to me. Do I care enough to support it? Lots of things are true but really not relevant to you. (Person you never met and likely never will meet, got caught cheating on spouse and they got a divorce)

 

Remember there are good reasons social media is so popular. The connection established with others can be a very good thing. Sharing with others is a good thing. It can be an interesting, productive way to pass time and still be connected with friends. So for what it is worth, here are somethings I suggest.

 

1. Don’t hesitate to ask for emotional support from your online friends or give an online friend support. That is what being a friend is all about.
2. Your social media friends are real people with whom you are connecting in a real way. That is a good thing. Don’t pretend they are not real people.
3. Don’t hesitate to share honest stuff with others about yourself or about people close to you or on topics you care about. I assume you all like seeing stuff about my grandchildren and other people close to me. I consider it part of the deal that you share part of your life also.
4. Feel free to give opinions but understand that online, just like in person, people actually do judge you by the opinions you post. If you want to express an opinion but are not sure about it, just say so. Maybe something like: I am not sure how I feel exactly but I sure wonder about the direction the local school board is heading.
5. You are human and so are others. None of us are perfect and most of don’t even want to be perfect. Don’t expect perfection in yourself or others. The best we can do is the best we can do.

 

My point is not to tell you how to feel other than to say fear should be saved for an emergency. Next time you read some crazy ass thing, fear not, ignore it or investigate it. If you investigate it, decide then how you feel and what next steps, if any, you want to take.

 

Conclusion

 

Living in fear is not a good choice to make. I think Roosevelt was right: “… the only thing we have to fear is…fear itself — nameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance.”

Nope, not so much. Them pretty much are, us. Or to say it another way, we.

None of us picked the circumstances of our birth or who our parents were. None of us picked where we were born. None of us choose the economic circumstance we were born into. At birth, many of the things about our health, looks, orientations, and other traits are given us. We can’t take credit nor do we deserve blame.

So we can’t be blamed for being born who we are. but the question is biologically / genetically just how different are individual people from other individual people?

Biologically this is pretty easy to show. Adult Humans of child bearing age from anywhere on earth can mate with other humans of child bearing age from anywhere on earth and produce fertile offspring. If our DNA were substantially different that would not be possible. All humans are the same species: Homo sapiens. By definition that means they can successfully mate with each other.

In fact, on average, 99.5% (more if you are a biological relative) of our DNA sequence is the same as any other individual human on the planet. In plain language, we all have skin, bones, organs and the like. We have brains and toes and eyes and a mouth and the list goes on. Genetically speaking, for about 99.5% of our DNA; just by looking at the DNA, you can’t tell one of us from another.

But we have all noticed that some of us are taller than others. Some of us have different pigment color in our eyes. Some of our skin tones are lighter than others. Some are more susceptible to a certain disease than another person. These kinds of traits are controlled by the “0.5% of the DNA”. The traits we have from mom and dad creating a new person are 99.5% the same as everyone else but 0.5% are the result in the dominate and recessive gene combinations. Think of it this way, if the combinations of DNA in “the 0.5%” was not survivable, sadly, nature takes its course. Since we survived, we are essentially the same as any other human who survived.

All of our ancestors originated from central Africa about 200,000 years ago. We migrated from Africa to Europe and Asia (125,000 to 60,000 years ago) and Australia about 40,000 years ago. Then to the Americas about 15,000 years ago. Finally, to remote islands (Hawaii, Easer Island, Madagascar and New Zealand between 1,300 to 300 years ago.

Hey wait a minute! Have you seen the test your DNA commercials? We must be different from each other because they can tell who our ancestors are including what different regions our ancestors lived. Plus, people from different regions often look different from people in other regions.

No two humans are considered to be genetically identical. Human genetic variation results from the mixing of the genes of mom and dad and once in a while a mutation. But that said, all humans are very much genetically the same. So how can those DNA sample analyses stand up in court. How can those ancestry companies tell where your ancestors lived?

The current state of genetics looking at these differences one can determine a couple things:

• If individuals are closely related (Is the deceased, your long lost multi-millionaire brother?)
• Chromosomal crossover from combining mom and dad. Think recessive and dominate genes causing things like eye color, pigmentation of skin, height and other traits which can be seen and other traits such as pre-disposition to a disease, or pain tolerance, etc. which are not as readily seen.
  • Geographical and ancestral trending. Did the sample have characteristics matching ancestral populations known to have been in one continent or another (genetic distance) partially match this sample.
  • 

Note: Travel between the continents (ships and planes) over the past 300+ years have mixed the gene pool. Most people on earth have genetic indicators for multiple geographical and ancestral areas. When you see those ads for ancestral testing and the actor exclaims how surprised they were to discover their ancestors came different areas of the world, don’t be that surprised. Almost everyone on earth has ancestors that came from somewhere else. Most of us had ancestors from multiple other places.

So let me summarize.

All humans alive on earth are the same species from the same place 200,000 years ago. Over thousands of years, our ancestors migrated from continent to continent. Some minor differences between the genetic makeup of individuals from one continent to another emerged. But travel between continents over the past couple hundreds of years have mixed the DNA and made even these minor differences in the genes between individuals even less significant.

Here are a couple related points I feel should be made.

Skin pigmentation is determined by the genes of one’s biological parents. Until about 30,000 years ago all humans are thought to have dark skin. Then mutations of two genes caused lighter skin. Because some of these light skinned people were in climates with less ultraviolet radiation, northern Europe and east Asia, they were able to survive even with this light skin. As many people with light skin have discovered, exposure to excessive ultra violet radiation can lead to serious health consequences. From a genetic point of view, skin color is the result of small number of DNA pairs passed on by your parents and not an indicator of much else.

In a related note one of the benefits of the chromosomal crossover from different areas of the earth can improve our resistance to environmental factors such as the sun, cold, altitude, etc. Same is true for some diseases. It would be much easier for a single pathogen to wipe out an entire population if everyone had the exact same gene set. Our minor differences actually can help all of us.

So the final conclusion

At a genetic level, trying to distinguish between us and them is a fool’s errand. Pretending there is significant difference between populations of us and populations of them, is wrong factually and not good for the survival of the human species. I happen to believe it is also morally wrong but that is another story and we need to define morality before we get there.

 

Appendix.

I am listing the data below just to show some perspective (the name of this blog is Scale and Perspective after all) on how many humans there are and their current geographic distribution.

• Human population on earth = 7.4 billion.
• # humans have ever lived = about 108 billion. So about 6% of the humans who have ever lived are alive now.

Distribution of humans by continent

• Asia = 4.4billion = 59.6% of total
• Africa = 1.2 billion = 16.3%
• Europe = 738 million = 10%
• North and Central America = 579 million = 7.8%
• South America = 422 million = 5.7%
• Oceania = 39.9 million = 0.5% (Australia, and the islands of the tropical Pacific Ocean)
• Antarctica = 1,200 non-permanent = 0.00002%